This glossary provides a concise reference guide to the core terminology used in the field of cyber ranges. Covering concepts such as attack simulation, cyber exercises, orchestration, red and blue teams, virtual machines, and offensive cyber capabilities, it helps readers build a common understanding of the technical and operational language surrounding cyber range environments and cybersecurity training.
Emerging Technologies
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- Emerging Technologies
Understanding Cyber Ranges: From Hype to Reality
- Published date:
- Author: European Cyber Security Organisation (ECSO)
This paper provides a practical and analytical overview of cyber ranges—what they are, how they work, and why they matter. It explores key use cases, differentiating technologies, business models, and evaluation criteria to help organisations make informed decisions when selecting or developing a cyber range. Aimed at demystifying current market expectations, the paper highlights both the capabilities and limitations of today’s cyber range technologies.
- Emerging Technologies
Cyber Range Features Checklist & List of European Providers – ECSO 2025 Edition
- Published date:
- Author: European Cyber Security Organisation (ECSO)
The 2025 Edition of ECSO’s Cyber Range Features Checklist & List of European Providers is a strategic tool designed to support the procurement and deployment of cyber ranges across Europe. Developed by ECSO’s WG5 on Skills & Human Factors, this checklist enables organisations to define precise cyber range requirements, improving electronic tendering and solution alignment. It supports a wide range of stakeholders—cybersecurity professionals, operators, HR teams, governments, academia, and businesses—by enhancing training, resilience, simulation, and capability testing. The resource includes an updated list of European providers and aims to foster collaboration within the cyber range community.
- Emerging Technologies
ENISA Foresight Cybersecurity Threats for 2030: Strategic Outlook on Emerging Risks and Trends
- Published date:
- Author: European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA)
The ENISA Foresight Cybersecurity Threats for 2030 report presents a forward-looking assessment of emerging cybersecurity threats and trends likely to shape the digital landscape by the end of the decade. Developed through expert collaboration and a structured methodology, this second edition reassesses the top ten threats identified in 2022, incorporating new insights into evolving attack vectors, such as the abuse of AI, supply chain vulnerabilities, and the increasing complexity of cross-border ICT services. The report highlights key technological, political, social, economic, and environmental factors influencing cybersecurity, including the implications of quantum computing, AI, digital surveillance, and resource scarcity. Through trend analysis and scenario-based insights, ENISA provides strategic guidance to help policymakers and organizations anticipate future risks and strengthen cyber resilience across the EU.
- Emerging Technologies
Who’s Watching the Machines? An Effective Strategy for Managing Machine Identities
- Published date:
- Author: SailPoint
How to Manage Machine Identities and Protect Your Critical Systems from Unmanaged Risks
With machine identities outnumbering human users, organizations face significant risks from unmanaged service accounts, APIs, and automated processes. Without automated tracking, clear ownership, and governance, these identities create security vulnerabilities, exposing systems to unauthorized access. How can you effectively manage machine identities and mitigate these risks?
Get the report and discover how to:
– Gain full visibility of machine identities
– Replace manual processes with automation
– Strengthen security and compliance
– Remove unauthorized accounts automatically
– Create clear ownership accountability
- Emerging Technologies
Cybersecurity Standards for Artificial Intelligence
- Published date:
- Author: European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA)
This document provides a comprehensive overview of current and emerging standards related to the cybersecurity of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly focusing on machine learning. It evaluates the extent of existing standards, those in draft, under consideration, or planned, and identifies gaps in standardization efforts. By adopting a broad view of cybersecurity that includes the traditional confidentiality-integrity-availability paradigm and the expansive concept of AI trustworthiness, the report highlights how standardization can align with and support the implementation of the EU’s proposed regulations on AI (COM(2021) 206 final). The aim is to enhance the cybersecurity framework for AI technologies, ensuring they are robust, reliable, and trustworthy.
- Emerging Technologies, Threat Intelligence​
Integrated Security Strategies for Modern Critical Infrastructures: A Cyber-Physical Systems Approach
- Published date:
- Author: John Soldatos (ed.), James Philpot (ed.), Gabriele Giunta (ed.)
This guidebook explores the integrated security challenges and solutions for modern critical infrastructures, which are increasingly interconnected as large-scale cyber-physical systems. It presents advanced, unified security techniques encompassing both cyber and physical elements, utilizing cutting-edge technologies such as machine learning, IoT security, and distributed ledger infrastructures. The book details how traditional security technologies like SIEM and pen-testing are adapted for comprehensive protection across key sectors including finance, healthcare, energy, and communications. With in-depth case studies and sector-specific analyses, it provides valuable insights for stakeholders planning robust security strategies in the context of Industry 4.0, highlighting the critical interplay between cyber and physical security componen
- Emerging Technologies
Securing the Software Supply Chain: Challenges and Strategies in Modern Development
- Published date:
- Author: European Cyber Security Organisation (ECSO)
This technical paper explores the complexities and cybersecurity challenges inherent in modern software development, with a particular focus on the software supply chain. It delves into the lifecycle of software development, the widespread use of third-party components, and the associated risks from these dependencies. The paper highlights the significance of the software supply chain in the context of European sovereignty and outlines how vulnerabilities in upstream components can affect the broader ecosystem. Recommendations are provided on frameworks, best practices for development, maintenance, and reducing risk exposure. Additionally, the paper identifies areas needing innovation to enhance security in software development, emphasizing automation and open-source methodologies.